A cloud chamber is a sealed container filled with supersaturated alcohol vapor that can be used to detect ionizing radiation. The piece of uranium undergoes radioactive decay through the emission of alpha particles (Helium-4 nuclei). As these charged particles pass through the vapor, they can interact with molecules to form ions. The alcohol vapor then condenses around these ions resulting in the visible tracks though the vapor.
Source: https://youtu.be/ZiscokCGOhs
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