Refraction is the bending of light that occurs at the interface of two different mediums (i.e. water and glass). The water in the glass acts as a lens that focuses light, which is why the arrow appears to reverse itself. The reversal of the arrow will only occur if the glass is located at least a focal length (of the water + glass “lens”) away from the arrows.
Source: https://youtu.be/G303o8pJzls
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